Pakistan is one of the countries where polio advice needs careful checking, not a quick glance. All travellers should be up to date with their UK polio schedule. If you are staying in Pakistan for four weeks or more, proof of a polio vaccine recorded on an ICVP, given 4 weeks to 12 months before departure from Pakistan, may be needed when you leave. Hepatitis A is commonly recommended for previously unvaccinated travellers because it spreads through contaminated food and water. Typhoid vaccination is also strongly relevant for most Pakistan trips, especially family visits, longer stays, children and travel where food hygiene is less predictable. Pakistan’s history of extensively drug-resistant typhoid makes prevention particularly important, as treatment options can be more limited. Tetanus should be up to date. Hepatitis B may be worth discussing for longer stays, medical or dental treatment, contact sports, new sexual partners or work involving blood or body fluids. Rabies is present, with dogs the main concern; children, cyclists, runners and people staying away from good medical access should ask about pre-travel rabies vaccination. Malaria risk is generally low below 2,000 metres and very low above that, so bite avoidance matters for everyone and tablets are usually reserved for higher-risk situations after assessment. Dengue, Zika and chikungunya are also mosquito-borne concerns, with daytime bites especially relevant. Japanese encephalitis is less commonly needed, but may be considered for rural exposure, including parts of Sindh, particularly around the June to October rainy season.