The Saudi Arabia travel health conversation often starts with meningococcal ACWY. Proof of ACWY vaccination is a visa requirement for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims and seasonal workers, and it is also recommended for personal protection because meningococcal disease spreads more easily in crowded settings. If you are travelling for pilgrimage, bring your dates and paperwork requirements to the consultation. Routine UK vaccinations should be up to date, including MMR and tetanus-containing boosters where relevant. Hepatitis A is commonly considered when food and water hygiene may be uncertain, especially for longer stays, visiting family, basic accommodation or repeated travel. Typhoid may also be discussed for similar reasons. Hepatitis B can matter for longer stays, sexual exposure, medical or dental treatment abroad, contact sports, or work involving blood or body fluids. Rabies is a recognised risk in Saudi Arabia, mainly through bites or scratches from infected animals. Pre-travel rabies vaccination is not needed by every visitor, but it is worth discussing for children, runners, cyclists, longer stays and trips where access to prompt treatment may be limited. Dengue risk is reported in Al Madinah, Jizan and Makkah provinces, including Mecca and Jeddah, so daytime mosquito bite avoidance still matters. Malaria risk is low and limited mainly to south-western areas near the Yemen border, including parts of Asir below 2,000 metres. It is not considered a risk in Jeddah, Makkah, Medina, Riyadh or Ta’if. MERS-CoV has also been reported in Saudi Arabia; avoid contact with camels and raw camel products, particularly if you are older, pregnant or have long-term health conditions.